flat feet (pes planus) in children
prepared by Dr. Ali
what is flat feet?
flat feet, or pes planus, is a common condition where the arches of the feet are lower than usual or completely absent. in children, flexible flat feet are often normal and may resolve with age. however, if flat feet persist and are associated with pain, difficulty walking, or changes in foot structure, treatment may be needed.
causes of flat feet
- normal development in young children
- genetic factors
- ligament laxity
- muscle weakness
- tight achilles tendon
- underlying neuromuscular or skeletal conditions (less common)
symptoms
- pain or discomfort in the feet, ankles, knees, or lower legs
- fatigue or difficulty walking long distances
- difficulty wearing certain types of shoes
- foot rolling inward (overpronation)
- stiff or rigid foot structure in severe cases
treatment options
- supportive footwear
- choose shoes with good arch support, a firm heel counter, and adequate cushioning
- avoid flat shoes and unsupportive footwear
- orthotics (insoles)
- prefabricated or custom orthotic inserts can provide better arch support and improve foot alignment
- these help reduce discomfort and prevent excessive foot pronation
- stretching and strengthening exercises
- calf stretches: helps reduce tension in the achilles tendon
- toe curls and marble pickups: strengthens the small muscles of the foot
- heel raises: improves foot and ankle stability
- pain management (if needed)
- ibuprofen (if pain is present): 10 mg/kg per dose every 6 to 8 hours, not exceeding 40 mg/kg per day
- best taken with food to prevent stomach irritation
- activity modification
- encourage low-impact exercises like swimming or cycling
- limit prolonged standing or high-impact sports if pain persists
- referral options
- if symptoms persist despite these measures, further assessment by a physiotherapist or podiatrist may be beneficial
dr. ali has prepared this article. if you have any questions, contact him
phone: 0452 10 20 89
email: dralivic@gmail.com
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