Mechanism of Action of Mounjaro (Tirzepatide) and Its Role in Weight Loss

This article prepared by Dr Ali

Mounjaro (tirzepatide) is a medication initially developed for type 2 diabetes but has shown significant effects in promoting weight loss, making it a potential treatment for obesity.

How Does Mounjaro Work?

Tirzepatide is a dual agonist that targets:

1. GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) receptor
2. GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) receptor

These hormones are naturally produced in the gut and play crucial roles in regulating blood sugar, appetite, and fat metabolism.

How Does It Promote Weight Loss?

1. Increases satiety and reduces appetite
• Tirzepatide activates GLP-1 and GIP receptors in the hypothalamus, enhancing satiety signals and reducing hunger.
• It slows gastric emptying, keeping individuals full for longer periods.
2. Reduces caloric intake and prevents overeating
• By decreasing cravings for high-calorie and fatty foods, people naturally consume fewer calories.
3. Enhances insulin sensitivity and reduces fat storage
• It stimulates insulin secretion and improves insulin sensitivity, reducing fat accumulation.
4. Boosts energy expenditure and fat metabolism
• Tirzepatide promotes fat oxidation, leading to the breakdown of stored fat for energy.
• It specifically reduces visceral fat, which is strongly linked to metabolic disorders.
5. Suppresses glucagon secretion
• Glucagon raises blood sugar and promotes glycogen and fat breakdown. By inhibiting it, tirzepatide helps control fat storage and maintain stable blood glucose levels.

Clinical Results

• Studies have shown that individuals on tirzepatide lost up to 22.5 percent of their body weight over 72 weeks.
• It has been found to be even more effective than semaglutide (Wegovy, Ozempic) in weight loss.

Conclusion

Mounjaro (tirzepatide) reduces appetite, slows digestion, enhances fat metabolism, and improves insulin sensitivity, making it a highly effective treatment for both diabetes and obesity.